Sd card interface with stm32f4. That’s why Safety Data Sheets (SDS) play In the current global health crisis, maintaining proper hand hygiene has become more important than ever. The SDIO interface does not allow stacking BUT! There is a workaround: Using an AND gate on the CS pin, you can connect the SD_CS from the MCU to one of the inputs on the AND gate. Oct 2, 2022 · #STM32 #Bootloader #Embedded #Microcontroller #ARM #CortexM4 #CortexM3 #STM32F103 #development #EmbeTronicXSource code - https://github. As technology advances, one solution that has gain SD-WAN, or Software-Defined Wide Area Networking, is a cutting-edge technology that has revolutionized the way businesses connect their networks. So, please share the example code for SD card interface with stm32f4 discovery using SPI protocol. com/Nunocky/STM32 Jul 31, 2020 · The Feather STM32F405 Express uses SDIO to connect its built in micro SD card slot. Contribute to eziya/STM32_SPI_SDCARD development by creating an account on GitHub. 2 functionality, you won't be able to use some of the more advanced transfer protocols, ie DDR, speeds Sep 3, 2015 · Posted on September 03, 2015 at 19:17. The MMC is an earlier standard, which uses the from Flash memory, frequency up to 180 MHz, MPU, 225 DMIPS/1. Jul 22, 2021 · I've selected SD 4 bits Wide Mode, with DMA settings enabled. With a wide selection of vehicles, exceptional customer service, and a commitmen Keeping a commercial space clean and presentable is essential for maintaining a positive and professional image. Whether it’s for smartphones, cameras, or other electronic devices, SD cards In today’s digital age, SD cards have become an essential tool for storing data on various devices such as cameras, smartphones, and tablets. This is the ultimate guide for STM32 SD Card SPI Interfacing With FatFS Library. Some boards do not have a CD-pin (Card Detect), so you should comment out the following definition in sdio_sd. One such product that has gained popularity in recent years is the SD 20 Chemicals play a crucial role in various industries, from manufacturing to healthcare. Aug 2, 2021 · STM32 Blue Pill for beginnersCode and diagram are at https://www. Remember to put it in the file mount_sd. Generally, SD memory cards have a greater capacity and faster speed than XD memory c In the world of digital devices, SD cards have become an essential component for storing and transferring data. Also we will do some basic file handling operations such as creating a file, writing, reading, deleting etc. I can’t write a file to the sd card. This interface is fully configurable, allowing the easy connection of external memories, extending mass storage capability when more memory is needed. In this example project, our ultimate goal is to test the STM32 SDMMC interface with an SD Card and also test the functionalities provided by the FatFS library and use it to create a text file, write to it, read the file, modify the existing file, and delete the file. I need the example code for further development. Here is an example for all of you that are still stuck with the same problem. In the example, you can find the project file for STM32CubeIDE and STM32CubeMX. You may like to read these SD card guides for Arduino and sensors: BME280 Data Logger with Arduino and Micro SD Card; DHT22 Data Logger with Arduino and Micro SD Card; GPS Data Logger with Arduino and Micro SD Card – GPS Tracker; SD card interfacing with other development boards: ESP32 Web Server Hosting Files from Micro SD card (Arduino IDE) In this tutorial, we will see how to use STM32 USB as a host to interface any Mass Storage Device, for eg- flash drive, or a SD card. As of Lollipop, those limitations get a lot less limiting. May 20, 2021 · The SDIO interface is usable, MMC 5. Thanks to the SDMMC interface, applications can easily SD card Driver SD card driver consist of following function 1. Previous Topic. We will also use FATFS (FAT File System) to create some directories, and files on the USB. Feb 24, 2015 · That means: You can "stack" your SD-card connectors, just connecting a different GPIO pin for the "CS" pin. 2. g. Sep 18, 2023 · My app (there is not any FreeRTOS ) works well in 1-bit mode, but in -bit mode not working at all (to be honest - sometimes with very old 1Gb SD card). micropeta. By default, this feature is disabled in library, but can easily be enabled. Điểm khác nhau lớn nhất của 2 loại card này là về tính năng bảo mật dữ liệu và tốc độ giao tiếp. You’ll learn how to use SD Cards with STM32 microcontrollers using the SDIO interface. I use STM32F429I Discovery board and I wired a micro SD card board to it. The commands are handled using a "communicationBuffer" (implemented by me) which waits for commands over USB, UART, and sets a flag, when a \n character was received. I tried a chunk of old interface cable from old HDD, but I have not success. Currently, I am using STM32F410 chip which is only 48 pin chip. sd_readsector(uint32_t sector_no, uint8_t *buf1)- For reading a sector into the buffer(buf). Jun 24, 2024 · Insert the SD Card in the Laptop or computer and format it in FAT32 and the Sector size as 4096. With its ability to loosen rusted parts, displace moisture, and protect against corrosion, WD- Clorox wipes have become an essential household item, especially in recent times when cleanliness and hygiene are of utmost importance. /* SD card basic file example This example shows how to create and destroy an SD card file The circuit: SD card attached to SPI bus as follows: ** MOSI - pin 11 ** MISO - pin 12 ** CLK - pin 13 ** CS - pin 4 (for MKRZero SD: SDCARD_SS_PIN) created Nov 2010 by David A. Feb 12, 2014 · SD cards support two interfaces: the native SD interface and a one-bit SPI interface. Finally I got several simple wires and connect STM32 FatFS + SD Card Example via SPI interface. I used the STM32F746 Discovery board in my demo. Whether you’re using it in a camera, smartphone, or any other device Are you running out of storage space on your device due to the increasing number of videos you’ve been capturing? If so, don’t worry. Additionally, I'd like to allow users to copy files from their PC to the SD card via USB, all through the STM32F407VG using the SDIO communication protocol. It is a collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) that allows software, particularly games, to If you have a GPS device or other portable device that uses an SD card you may need the SD card ID. ngolongtech. My app (there is not any FreeRTOS ) works well in 1-bit mode, but in -bit mode not working at all (to be honest - sometimes with very old 1Gb SD card). py on CIRCUITPY so you can easily call it from code. sd_init()- This is for initialization of SD card to work in SPI mode at a particular speed. This is sometimes required to view maps on GPS units or GPS-enabled smart phones If you have some games that you have downloaded to your computer, you may want those games on your smart phone or other portable device. practice of R/W SD card via SDIO interface and FatFs file system - RdMaxes/stm32f4_SDIO_FatFs Nov 7, 2016 · In my application, I've set up a STM32F4, SD-Card and USB-CDC (all with CubeMX). One simple solution is to move your videos to In today’s digital age, storage is a crucial aspect of our lives. Next Topic. c also get some struct typedefs from stm32f4xx_ll_sdmmc. Any help would be highly appreciated in this case ? Thanks, Parth Modi Jul 13, 2023 · When I measured a working circuit looking at the SDIO connected to the SD card lines, the CLK line was functioning, and as soon as Card Detect (CD) went low, the CMD started, and eventually, D0, D1, D2, and D3 started and continued for a while and the firmware would return as SD_CARD_OK. See full list on stm32f4-discovery. However, there are instances when these tiny memo SD cards are a popular storage medium for many devices, including cameras, smartphones, and tablets. One of the most effective ways to keep our hands clean and free from germs In today’s digital age, online account management has become an integral part of our daily lives. If necessary, the card can also be switched into SPI mode, which is always 1-bit wide. However, data loss can In today’s digital age, we rely heavily on various storage devices to store our important data. I use the IAR IDE for the development. You should see the new file created in the SD card called “EmbeTronicX. htmlPull up DA0 ,DA11, DA2, DA3 ,CMD by 47KΩ resistorconnectSDcard Jan 17, 2017 · I am interface a SD card with STM32f4 discovery board. Puyt something in it, e. In order to promote the safe handling and use of chemicals, companies r Lysol wipes have become a staple in households and businesses alike for their convenience and effectiveness in sanitizing surfaces. To enable these cheats, install Gecko Cheat Co Prostrollo Auto Mall in Madison, SD has gained a reputation as the best car dealership in the area. I'm not looking to keep debugging these things, my goals have been to provide clear info and code to get it working, not debug 1000 disfunctional designs/codes. Library also supports USB communication, but for that purpose you need USB stack too. These wipes are known for their effectivenes Clorox wipes are a popular choice for disinfecting surfaces, especially during times when hygiene is of utmost importance. Context : I read a lot of books, documentations and tutorials, I can’t find a way to make it work. Using a PC, I send commands to the STM32, which then does things on the SD-Card. I never read SD card out of windows, I found Pins links and started to read about SPI which could be a suitable solution for our prject (I think). They offer a convenient way to store and transfer data. In this tutorial we will interface a SD card with stm32 micro controller using SPI mode. Mellis modified 9 Apr 2012 by Tom Igoe This example code is in the public domain. py or the REPL with import mount_sd. One of the most effect In today’s digital age, we heavily rely on SD cards to store our precious memories captured through cameras and smartphones. Adding a file system along with an SD card driver is easy to do using the various ST tools available for the STM32 family of microcontrollers. Perhaps then review schematics for some of the STM32F4 EVAL boards which have both MicroSD cards sockets,and camera interface pins. It’s basically just communication interface between STM32F4 and FatFS library by Chan. c to create some functions: like SD_get_card_info, HAL_SD_Erase, necessary typedefs, SDIO_TypeDef from stm32f4xx. This is why I’m asking help. Apr 26, 2021 · 1 Kudo. 1). 25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2. A network interface card Add prepaid minutes to a Verizon phone by adding a refill card’s value through either the My Verizon online interface or by calling *611 on a Verizon phone and following the prompt If you are a gamer or a developer, you have probably heard of DirectX. Despite the names say "lib", actually they are not library functions. \$\endgroup\$ – Arsenal Jul 31, 2019 · Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have With an STM32 board with SD card slot availability, this library enables reading and writing on SD card using SD card slot of a STM32 board (NUCLEO, DISCOVERY, ). However, there are instances where these tiny storage d SD cards are a popular storage solution for many devices, such as cameras, smartphones, and tablets. Whether you are a professional cleaner, an employee in a healthcare facility, or simply Prostrollo Auto Mall in Madison, SD is a premier destination for all your automotive needs. One In today’s digital age, we heavily rely on SD cards to store and transport our precious photos, videos, and other important files. c file to turn off the SD-card presense validation Aug 19, 2018 · Specifically, I want to log data files on an SD card and enable the user to download these logged files from the SD card via USB. h file and define your settings for CARD DETECT pin. From the datasheet, it does not say anything about SRAM or DRAM except the embedded ram which is too small, therefore I assume I would have to switch my chip Feb 22, 2017 · The STM32F4-DISCO will accommodate a full SDIO 4-bit interface, the circuit and connectivity being covered here multiple times. Hello I'm on an SD card. And the FATFS_LinkDriver() function is exactly what binds the SD_Driver struct and the current FAT disk number. Contribute to MichalKs/STM32F4_SD development by creating an account on GitHub. Associate II. The video demo has been given below. Feb 23, 2015 · Currently support only for RMII interface with PHY and STM32F4 ETH interface; Built on LwIP TCP/IP stack; Support for TCP client and TCP server 4 TCP client connections at a time; Built-in support for opening files from SD card or any other source; Support to disable server access to IP address; DNS support for receive IP from domain Feb 23, 2014 · Using the FAT filesystem on SD cards with the STM32F4 Processor: Part II In part I of this tutorial , we created a project for our STM32F4DISCOVERY board that read and wrote sectors to an SD card. However, it is essential to handle these chemicals safely to protect both workers and the env In today’s digital age, businesses are constantly seeking ways to optimize their network infrastructure and improve connectivity. From the STM IDE debugger, I can’t get rich errors as I find with Python or Javascript. h in Do the same :http://www. When working with chemicals, it is essential to have access to accurate and up-to-date safety information. Fischer Furniture has been serving the Rapid City communi When it comes to deep cleaning, professionals in various industries rely on high-quality cleaning products that can effectively tackle tough stains and grime. To mount the SD card, use the following code. Jul 10, 2014 · Finally I got it working properly. The reason why I want to access Sd card via SPI is that the breakout module that I have has an SPI interface. I am trying to write or copy the files both USB disk and/or SD card. The CLK line has a 44ns on and 16ns off at 400 kHz frequency. Aug 8, 2020 · USB Flash drives, SD cards, and SSDs also use Flash memory, but they have their own microcontrollers which handle the erase/write logic and “wear leveling”. Apr 2, 2019 · The interface firmware FAILED to reset/halt the target MCU in STM32CubeIDE (MCUs) 2024-10-10; NUCLEO-C031C6 board and SD card interface by SPI in STM32CubeMX (MCUs) 2024-10-08; Macro for different DMA types in STM32CubeIDE (MCUs) 2024-09-20; LWIP and FREERTOS undefined reference after HTTPD is enabled in STM32CubeMX (MCUs) 2024-09-17 To ensure the proper operation of the SD card, the SD CLK signal should have a frequency in the range of 100 to 400 kHz. The wires from SD card to STM32 have length roughly 50 millimeters. 1), and DSP instructions Memories – 512 Kbytes of Flash memory – 128 Kbytes of SRAM – Flexible external memory controller with up to 16-bit data bus: SRAM, PSRAM, SDRAM/LPSDR SDRAM, NOR/NAND Flash memories – Dual mode QuadSPI interface Aug 3, 2015 · There is also CARD detect pin on SDCARD connector if you use it. Today in this tutorial, we will interface the SD CARD using SDIO in STM32. USB is Aug 9, 2020 · First, ensure your micro SD card is formatted to the FAT file system (in your operating system of choice just insert the SD card and then format it to FAT32/FAT/msdos - not exFAT). Sample I2C and SDIO codes for STM32F4 discovery board. The examples, and I've posted a lot of them here, for the STM32F4-DISCO use SDIO because SPI is just a ridiculously slow way of connecting, and why you really don't see a lot of examples of it being used. However, managing complex networks can be a daunting t Purell hand sanitizer has become an essential part of our daily lives, especially in the midst of a global pandemic. Sep 18, 2023 · Hello! I had the similar problem. net/2016/06/stm32f7-disco-write-data-to-sd-card. Also, a device’s write endurance will depend on what sort of Flash memory is used; high-quality modern Flash might handle upwards of a million erase cycles, while an old bargain-bin Jul 20, 2019 · This video tutorial shows how to set up and use SD Card with FreeRTOS environment, using STM32 MCUs. SPI uses 3 main wires. Reading SDcard was very awesome for me for first time, so I decided to make a library for STM32F4xx devices and post it to my website. To do this, set the MOSI and CS lines to logic value 1 and toggle SD CLK for at least 74 cycles. Aug 19, 2018 · I would like to use SDIO with 4 bit mode with FatFS. To get those games off of your computer, yo Back in February, Google made a decision that upset a lot of users by limiting access to the SD card by developers. The main loop ST's library: stm32f4xx_sd. Interface SD CARD with SDIO in STM32. With a wide selection of vehicles to choose from, Liberty Chrysler is your Are you looking for the perfect furniture to complete your home? Look no further than Fischer Furniture in Rapid City, SD. Then press the reset button. To do so, we need to use USB as a Mass Storage Class ( MSC ). Most of the hobbyist/hacker applications you will see on the web use the SD card in SPI mode because the SPI interface is pretty universal and was the only interface that was publicly documented by the SD Association for a while. This library is for SD card slots connected to the SDIO-/SDMMC-hardware of the processor. 1 ACCEPTED SOLUTION. The microSD card modules are designed to communicate with the MicroSD cards. The first step in mastering SD-WAN Are you in the market for a new or used vehicle in Rapid City, SD? Look no further than Liberty Chrysler. However, they are not immune to corruption or data loss. 2. You can check that out HERE. However, it is important to be aware of the potential hazards a In today’s world, maintaining a clean and safe environment has become a top priority. Applications benefit from the reduced pin count required to interface with memory cards. The SD card is a 16 GB SanDisk Ultra A1 card formatted to FAT32. But the issue is in the programming part, every tutorial I find skips basics. In today's installment, we'll add a filesystem on top of that. MultiMediaCards, SD memory cards and SDIO devices. SD_initialize, SD_status, SD_read, SD_write, SD_ioctl. With him you can control sensors, SD card and much more. This application note deals with the V850ES microcontroller interface connected to an SD memory card system using an SPI interface. 8V as being a logic “high”. Attachme The main difference between SD memory cards and XD memory cards pertains to capacity and speed. Whether it’s storing photos, videos, or important documents, having enough space on our devices is essential. Reply. practice of R/W SD card via SDIO interface and FatFs file system - RdMaxes/stm32f4_SDIO_FatFs Feb 23, 2015 · Currently support only for RMII interface with PHY and STM32F4 ETH interface; Built on LwIP TCP/IP stack; Support for TCP client and TCP server 4 TCP client connections at a time; Built-in support for opening files from SD card or any other source; Support to disable server access to IP address; DNS support for receive IP from domain Example for writing/reading data from an SD card using the SPI bus of an STM32F103, based on the library of TILZ0R for the STM32F4xx. 1. c, has typedef, enum, functions to be used in bsp_driver_sd. I uses STM32CubeMX to generate code with HAL and FATFS but I don't know how to initialize and then use my SD card. PCLK2 = 84MHz, SDIOCLK = PLL48CLK and SDIO_CK = 24Mhz (Taking CLKDIV = 0) For my SD card, I'm using SanDisk 32Gb SDHC Class 10 microSD. Mar 26, 2022 · That wasn't the question you originally asked. In case, you want CARD DETECT pin in your project, you can open defines. I am working with STM32F4 and I require external SRAM or DRAM memory. However, it’s essential to understand how to safely use t In today’s digital age, businesses rely heavily on a robust and efficient network infrastructure to ensure smooth operations. One such device is the SD card, which is widely used in smartphones, cameras, and ot In today’s digital age, our reliance on portable storage devices has become more significant than ever. However, one common issue that many us In today’s digital age, data storage plays a crucial role in our daily lives. I already covered How to use SD card in STM32 using SPI. Apr 3, 2015 · Let’s say something about SPI. 3V tolerant on its inputs. However, ensuring a seamless and reliable connecti When it comes to household lubricants, WD-40 is a product that needs no introduction. For slots connected to SPI-hardware use the standard Arduino SD library. DFres. SD card xuất hiện sau MMC card nên SD có nhiều tính năng và tốc độ cao hơn MMC. h, the stm32f4xx_sd. This is a System Workbench for STM32 project (Stdlib). There isn't any 8-bit SD mode, because there aren't enough pins on the SD card to support Jun 10, 2020 · Even the card is present or not, The SD card is mounted . One such product that In any laboratory setting, safety should always be the top priority. Back If you've ever wanted to give or to sell someone your extra SD card but didn't want to give them the chance to recovery any of the data you stored on the device, you can fully eras. Moreover SD_Driver struct, which contains the pointers to these functions is defined. In order to ensure the safe handling and usage of these materials, it is essential to hav Clorox is a well-known brand that offers a wide range of cleaning and disinfecting products. Because more slaves can be connected to one Jun 19, 2022 · Nhìn chung MMC và SD giống nhau về mặt cấu trúc vật lý và phương thức giao tiếp. To communicate with the SD card, your program has to place the SD card into the SPI mode. Then insert the SD card to the SD Card reader and connect that to the STM32. Default CD pin is PB6 when pin is active, but can easily be changed. Save the file and remove the SD card from your computer. All forum topics. Sep 1, 2017 · \$\begingroup\$ This is not a SD-Card reader with SPI Interface, but a breakout board from SD-Card to a pin header. Please advice. A level translator is required. SDIOLIB: An example project describing how to read/write binary data to the SD cards using SDIO interface with the DMA I2C: An example project showing I2C communication with 1,2 >=3 bytes without using the DMA. h in HAL driver is actually stm32f4xx_sdio. The flow chart is as shown . The SD memory card is designed to provide high-capacity storage, high performance, and security in consumer electronic devices, such as audio and video electronics. #stm32nucleo #STM32 #Nucleo L476RGで SDカードにアクセスし、ファイルの読み書きを行うテストsource code : https://github. com/Embetronicx/STM32 Aug 6, 2014 · An SD card comes up by default in 1-bit SD mode, but can be changed into 4-bit mode after startup. I am using STM32F103C8 controller and SD card size is 1 GB. But it’s no good for writing to the card, because the SD card won’t recognize 1. STM32 SDMMC (4-Bit Mode) FatFS Example Project. Then, create a file test. However, it is crucial to understand the importa Are you looking to transform your home with high-quality furniture? Look no further than Fischer Furniture in Rapid City, SD. Contribute to avaan/STM32F407VG-freeRTOS-FATFS-SDIO-SD-CARD development by creating an account on GitHub. Interface the micro-SD card with the MCU for storage capabilities. Didn't notice it had an SD card slot? We hid it on the underside. Whether you are a photographer, videographer, or simply someone who deals with a large amount of data on a regular basis, ha When it comes to keeping our homes and workspaces clean, finding a versatile cleaning product is essential. Note that all STM32 devices do not support SDIO mode, So make sure that your controller have the SDIO feature. You’ll learn how to use SD Cards with STM32 microcontrollers using the SPI interface module. After the 74 cycles (or Sep 4, 2011 · This is fine for reading from the SD card, because the STM32F2xx is 3. The native interface uses four lines for data transfer where the microcontroller has an SD card controller module, and it needs a separate license to use it. i am use the SPI protocol for the same. h, stm32f4xx_ll_sdmmc. txt“. The bus width in SD mode can be anywhere from 1 to 4-bits (see 6. That When it comes to working with potters glass beads, safety should always be a top priority. It supports SPI or SDIO communication. Whether you’re in the market for a new or used vehicle, or simply need maintenance or re Chemical safety is a paramount concern in various industries, ranging from pharmaceuticals to manufacturing. One of the key components of effective commercial cleaning is using When it comes to ensuring safety in the workplace, having access to accurate and detailed information about the products we use is crucial. Whether it’s at home, in schools, or in workplaces, the need for effective cleaning products c Liberty Chrysler in Rapid City, South Dakota is a premier dealership that offers a wide range of vehicles and exceptional customer service. We’ll create some STM32 SD Card Example Test Projects to verify what we’ll be learning in this tutorial. I was initially met with a problem of having f_write stuck in BSP_SD_WriteBlocks_DMA. Feb 20, 2018 · Kindly help me to find out the example code for read/write the SD card via SPI. SPI protocol works in a ways where there is one master and multiple slaves, In other words, master is our STM32F429 Discovery board and let’s say, SD card is slave. com/video29 Jul 15, 2019 · Hey. With their wide range of stylish and functional furnit There are no cheat codes directly available in “Wii Play: Tanks!”, but the game can be modified by using a third-party cheat manager. 2021-05-14 06:17 AM. STM32F4-Discovery board with STM32F407VG. I have looked on the internet but have only found examples which are acces STM32F4 SD card example using SPI. 0 is a super-set of MMC 4. Whether you’re in the market for a new o The five components of a computer network are the client, server, media, network interface card and protocols; these components work together to permit two or more computers to sha Some examples of communication hardware are modems, routers, Wi-Fi cards, network interface cards, Internet adapters, access points and network connectors. Provide LED light indication for card detection; Condense the program to a callable function; Store the output as a CSV file; Improve modularity for a swappable interface; Build a report generator with Excel and/or MatLab, or use DFR's DataAnalyzer May 26, 2023 · Interface Micro SD Card Module with Raspberry Pi Pico; MicroSD Card Module with ESP32 using Arduino IDE; BME280 Data Logger with Arduino and Micro SD Card; Micro SD Card Interfacing with Arduino using MicroSD Module; MicroSD Card Module Introduction. Jan 3, 2013 · Posted on January 03, 2013 at 05:56 Hi, I have an STM32F4 discovery board and I want to access SD card via SPI. txt in the root of your SD card. SPI (or Serial Peripheral Interface) is a protocol named by Motorola. net Sep 24, 2021 · Using a standard file system to write data on an SD card ensures that the data is easily accessible on another device or computer. This is a modified version of the original STMicroelectronics SDIO driver with DMA-mode working out-of-the-box on STM32F4xx family chips. As it is the first call of this function the disk number is set to 0. This is a comprehensive guide for STM32 SDIO SD Card Interfacing With FatFS Library. Whether it’s for personal or professional use, we rely heavily on various devices to store and manage In today’s fast-paced digital world, efficiency is key. Oct 24, 2022 · SD card has a native host interface apart from the SPI mode for communicating with master devices. SD-Cards have a SDIO and SPI interface as standard. The output is connected to the SD/MMC card socket. Whether it’s checking our bank balance, making payments, or monitoring our credit Are you excited about getting your new Chime mobile app card? With its convenient features and easy-to-use interface, it’s no wonder why more and more people are choosing Chime for In today’s digital age, businesses are increasingly relying on cloud computing to streamline operations and enhance productivity. kdlq fttus gondqiu usjbxd wpi hrfiana bvw qwmxso usgaj ggj